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Conversion to Judaism ((ヘブライ語:גיור), ''giyur'') is a formal act undertaken by a non-Jewish person who wishes to be recognized as a full member of a Jewish community. A Jewish conversion is normally a series of religious acts and studies, including an expression of association with the Jewish people and, sometimes, the Land of Israel. A formal conversion is also sometimes undertaken to remove any doubt as to the Jewishness of a person who wishes to be considered a Jew. The procedure for conversion depends on the sponsoring denomination, and depends on meeting the requirements for a conversion to that religious or non-religious branch or denomination. A conversion in accordance with the process of a denomination is not a guarantee of recognition by another denomination. In some cases, a person may forgo a formal conversion to Judaism and adopt some or all beliefs and practices of Judaism. However, without a formal conversion, many highly observant Jews will reject a convert's Jewish status. There are some groups that have adopted Jewish customs and practices. For example, in Russia the Subbotniks have adopted most aspects of Judaism without formal conversion to Judaism. However, if Subbotniks, or anyone without a formal conversion, wish to marry into a traditional Jewish community or immigrate to Israel, they must have a formal conversion. == Terminology == A male convert to Judaism is referred to by the Hebrew word ''ger'' ((ヘブライ語:גר), plural ''gerim'') and a female convert is a ''giyoret''. The word is related to the term "proselyte" which is derived from the Koine Greek Septuagint translation of the Bible. In Karaite Judaism a Ger is a non-Jew who has yet to fully convert to Judaism. After a Ger converts to Judaism, they are no longer considered a Ger but a full-fledged Jew.〔http://www.karaitejudaism.org/talks/Gerim_By_Eliezer_haKohen.pdf〕 The word ''ger'' comes from the Hebrew verb ''lagur'' (לגור) meaning "to reside" or "to sojourn ()". In the Hebrew Bible ''ger'' is defined as a "foreigner", or "sojourner." Rabbi Marc Angel writes: :"The Hebrew ''ger'' (in post-Biblical times translated as "proselyte") literally means "resident" and refers to a non-Israelite who lived among the Israelite community. When the Torah commands compassion and equal justice for the ''ger'', it is referring to these "residents." Rabbinic tradition interpreted the word ''ger'' as referring to proselytes..."〔Marc D. Angel (2005). "Choosing to Be Jewish, K'Tav Publishing.〕 Angel's explanation of the literal meaning of "''ger''" as alien is borne out in biblical verses such as : :As a citizen among you shall be the ''ger'' (foreigner) who lives among you, and you shall love him as yourself, for you were ''gerim'' in the land of Egypt—I am the Lord your God. The Jews were not converts in Egypt, but rather foreigners. Another passage which may be relevant to a process of conversion involves non-Jewish women captured in war who could be adopted forcibly as wives (). Another verse which has been interpreted as referring to non-Jews converting to Judaism is Esther 8:17, although no process is described. (). In the Talmud, "''ger''" is used in two senses: ''ger tzedek'' refers to a "righteous convert", a proselyte to Judaism, and ''ger toshav'', a non-Jewish inhabitant of the Land of Israel who observes the Seven Laws of Noah and has repudiated all links with idolatry. In Modern Hebrew, ''ger'' refers to a convert to Judaism. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Conversion to Judaism」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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